These are no ordinary wells. The ‘singing wells of Namunyak’ are where Kenya’s Samburu hersdsmen go to sing love songs to their cows. Oh, and to discuss village matters, plan raids and dance with their partners. Gavin Haines gets a rare insight.
The guns, I want to know about the guns: What’s with all the AK-47s?
First, though, let’s talk about cows, which are arriving in ever-greater numbers at this dried-up riverbed in Kenya’s Namunyak Wildlife Conservancy. There are thousands of them and they’ve come to slay their thirst at the dozen or so water troughs that are scattered across the parched earth. Everything is thirsty here.
Next to each trough is a well and in each well a human chain comprised of lithe young men, who pass buckets of water up from the darkened depths to the sunny surface. The men in the wells are naked—their bodies glisten with sweat—and they are singing love songs in the Samburu tongue; not to their wives, who are washing clothes nearby, but to their cows, who are mainly mooing and pooing.
The men in the wells are naked and they are singing love songs in the Samburu tongue—not to their wives, who are washing clothes nearby, but to their cows.
Photo: Ami Vitale/Alamy
“I will always be with you, I will always be behind you—you are my lovely cows,” translates Robert Lemayian, a Samburu herdsman and tour guide, as we eavesdrop at one of the wells. “You have to let them know that you will protect them,” he adds, citing big cats as the main cause of anxiety amongst cattle.
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There may be as many as 300 cows in one herd, says Robert, but every animal has a name; and when their name echoes from the well, it’s their turn to come and have a drink.
Chaperoning them to the troughs are young boys—tomorrow’s herdsmen—who have sticks and aren’t afraid to use them. Thwack. The sound of wood on hide. Thwack. And again. I’m struck by the contrast between the sweet songs of the wells and the boys’ overzealous use of their sticks.
Acacia trees are silhouetted against the warm glow of the setting sun in Samburu territory, Kenya.
Photo: Emzily/Flickr
Robert reckons each cow drinks up to six buckets of water per sitting, which means herdsmen lucky enough to own 300 of the beasts must extract 1,800 buckets daily from the ground: That’s a lot of digging.
Little wonder, then, that by the end of the dry season the wells plumb depths of up to 12 meters. At this point, extracting water becomes hazardous; boreholes have been known to collapse and many have died.
“We take anything from four to 200 cattle—it’s very violent. We shoot to kill. We lose quite a lot of young men.”
Robert Lemayian, Samburu guide
320 kilometers north of Nairobi, as the crow flies, and far from large towns and paved roads, the ‘singing wells of Namunyak’ have sustained Samburu herdsmen and their cattle for centuries.
Little has changed over the years—the patriarchy in particular still seems to be going strong—but there are a few tell-tale signs of foreign influences. I see one herdsman, for example, wearing a woolly hat carrying the logo of Chelsea Football Club: It’s the only item of clothing he has on.
The dry season and subsequent scarcity of water means Samuru herders need to lead their cows to the all-important wells.
Top: Mara1/Flickr; Bottom: MudflapDC/Flickr
There’s also the not-so-small matter of the AK-47s, which some men have slung over their shoulders. Soviet-made Kalashnikovs, it transpires, are the latest addition to the Samburu’s already potent arsenal, which includes a knife, spear and wooden club known as a runga.
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Robert says the rifles act as a warning to enemy spies, who routinely survey the wells. Hiding in nearby bushes, they identify the herdsmen with the most cows and the least security, before returning home, in some cases walking for several days, often into neighboring Somalia, to pass on their intel. Cattle raids will likely follow.
But not if the Samburu strike first, which I’m told they often do. Indeed, many raids on enemy tribes have been plotted at these wells, which, during the dry season, draw herdsmen from far and wide.
There are different ‘singing wells’ across Kenya, depending on the local tribe. Here, the Boran people follow a similar tradition to the Samburu of singing to their cows as they pass water up to their cattle in human chains.
Photo: Africa Photo bank/Alamy
The Samburu people, says Robert, believe they have a divine right to all cows. “Cattle are sacred to us,” he explains. “We don’t believe we are stealing livestock from other people; we believe that we are bringing home what belongs to us.”
The Samburu rarely steal cattle from each other, he says, but they will walk for many days to relieve rival tribes of their herds.
“We take anything from four to 200 cattle—it’s very violent,” says Robert, who’s wearing traditional Samburu clothing of beaded necklaces, colorful bracelets and a red and blue cloth that resembles a skirt. “We shoot to kill. We lose quite a lot of young men.”
The Samburu people believe they have a divine right to all cows. They rarely steal cattle from each other, but they will walk for many days to relieve rival tribes of their herds.
Left: Gavin Haines; Right: Ray Morris1/Flickr
I’m taken aback by Robert’s candid fighting talk, which jars with his character. An articulate and affable young man, he has a family, a job and a salary; the thought of him engaging in gun fights over cows seems absurd. However, he probably has similar thoughts about mortgages and office jobs.
But in a remote setting such as this, where money has little practical use, cows are everything. Your herd is your bank account, your life’s worth, and you literally live off the interest, which in this case comes in the form of milk and blood, mixed into a protein-rich drink.
The naked men, colorfully-dressed women, scrawny cows, stick-wielding boys, guards with AK-47s and the distant bushes that may or may not harbor enemy spies. It’s like nothing I’ve seen anywhere, ever.
Extracting the blood from the cows doesn’t cause them lasting injury, I’m told, but it’s a process people may find uncomfortable. It starts by tying a rope around the animal’s neck and pulling it tight enough to restrict the blood, but not too tight as to strangle the cow.
The tip of a sword is then inserted into the cow’s jugular and the blood is siphoned off into a vessel. Once they’ve got enough blood, the herdsman will loosen the rope, apply pressure to the wound, and allow it to clot. The cow will then get back to its grazing.
Blood is taken from the jugular of a cow by Samburu herdsmen; it’s mixed with milk to produce a protein-rich drink.
Photo: Africa Photo Bank/Alamy
Being at the wells and hearing these stories is a great privilege. Few tourists venture up here and those who do aren’t permitted to take photographs, which seems entirely appropriate given the intimacy of the setting.
Not living vicariously through my lens affords me the opportunity to thoroughly take it all in. I look in awe at the scene: The naked men, the colorfully-dressed women, the scrawny cows, the stick-wielding boys, the guards with AK-47s and the distant bushes that may or may not harbor enemy spies. It’s like nothing I’ve seen anywhere, ever.
Though most people seem to be working hard, the wells are also a place for play. “In the evenings, we sing and dance with our girlfriends and record it on our phones,” says Robert. “Afterwards you play it back and if it is not good, you delete it and do it again.”
The wells are also a place to exchange news; of births, marriages and deaths. “We come here to get information,” says Robert, likening the experience to reading a newspaper. “If there is a wedding happening, then you find out about it here.”
The wells are also a place for singing, dancing and getting local news. “In the evenings, we sing and dance with our girlfriends and record it on our phones,” says Robert. “Afterwards you play it back and if it is not good, you delete it and do it again.”
Photo credit: Ray Morris1/Flickr
The Samburu culture permits men to marry multiple women (Robert claims to have “just one wife for now”) and requires boys to be circumcised without anaesthetic at the age of 15. Despite female genital mutilation being illegal in Kenya, the practice is still reportedly widespread amongst the Samburu.
According to Robert, if the boys flinch during their circumcision they are deemed to have brought shame on the family and may find themselves ostracized from the community; those who hide the pain become ‘warriors’ and assume responsibility for protecting the village, its people and their cattle.
Some Samburus make different lifestyle choices, of course—they may go to college or get a job in the city—but for many, the old ways live on. And they’ve got the scars to prove it.
Gavin Haines
Gavin Haines is a freelance scribe specializing in travel and environmental reporting, with bylines in BBC Travel, National Geographic Traveller and the Telegraph. His favorite destinations are Scotland, The Netherlands and Rwanda. He was once mauled by an otter in Dudley.
